Se gli ha venduto il campo e gli ha dato una parte del denaro, e lui (il venditore) gli ha detto: "Quando lo desideri, porta il (resto del) denaro e prendi ciò che è tuo", questo è proibito. [Come quando il venditore ha detto all'acquirente: "Quando porti il resto del denaro, acquisiscilo da adesso." È vietato farlo, poiché se il venditore mangia frutti (di campo) nel frattempo, quando l'altro porta i soldi, si scopre che il campo è stato acquisito da lui dal giorno della vendita e il venditore ( viene trovato) di aver mangiato frutta come pagamento per l'attesa. E se il compratore mangia frutti da ora, forse non porterà il resto del denaro e il venditore restituirà ciò che aveva ricevuto da lui, in modo che il campo non venga venduto a lui (il venditore ha detto : "Quando porti il resto del denaro, acquisiscilo da ora", e lui non lo ha portato), e il primo pagamento sarebbe (trovato per essere stato) un prestito in generale per l'acquirente, e il venditore sarebbe trovato per aver mangiato frutta in pagamento (per aver concesso un prestito)]. Se gli ha dato un prestito per il suo campo, e lui (il prestatore) gli ha detto: "Se non mi ripaghi da adesso fino a tre anni, è mio", è suo. [Come quando lui (il mutuatario) gli disse: "Acquisiscilo da ora se non ti ripagherò da ora fino a tre anni." Perché questo non è un asmachta (un semplice "intendimento"), ma un kinyan in buona fede (atto di acquisizione), il prestatore ne prende possesso ora per questo denaro (che ha dato al mutuatario) e (il campo) diventa più economico in suo possesso (del prestatore). E i frutti vengono depositati con una terza persona. Se il mutuatario ripaga il prestito entro tre anni, i frutti gli vengono dati. E in caso contrario, vengono dati al mutuatario, il campo è stato acquisito da lui dal momento del prestito e quel prestito è stato il pagamento per il campo.] E Baitos b. Zonin lo fece (cioè prese in prestito il suo campo) dal consiglio dei saggi.
Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia
הבא מעות וטול את שלך אסור – He who brings excess monies that are upon you [to bring] and take your field, it is forbidden to do this. As in such a case where the seller said to the purchase: Go bring me excess monies and you purchase it from now, therefore, it is forbidden to do this, for if the seller were to consume the produce during this period, when he (i.e., the purchaser) brings the money, it is found that this field was sold to him from the day of the sale, but this one (i.e., the seller) ate the produce as the reward while waiting for the monies. But if the purchaser would consume the produce from now, for perhaps he would not bring the excess monies and would return to him (i.e., the seller) what he had received and it would be that the field had not been sold to hm, for when he would bring it (i.e., the monies), it would be sold to him from now he told him, but he didn’t bring it, and the first monies are like a mere loan in regard to the seller, and he ate the produce with his payment.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Metzia
If a man sold a field, and the buyer gave him part of the price and he said to the buyer, “Pay me the rest of the price whenever you wish and then take what is yours”, this is forbidden. The scenario described in this case is forbidden because the seller gets the use and benefit from the field in return for allowing a delayed payment from the buyer. In other words the buyer in essence loans the seller the field in return for waiting until he can gather the remainder of the money to complete the sale. This is usury.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia
הרי היא שלו – in such a case as when he (i.e., the purchaser) said to him, buy it from now – if I don’t bring to you [the monies] from now until three years, it is not an Asmakhta (i.e., a collateral security with the condition of forfeiture beyond the amount to be secured – see Bava Batra 168a), but a complete purchase, for on the condition that he sold it completely, he would hold it from now with these monies and he would lower the price and sell (some of the movable goods in order to raise the money – see Bava Metzia 77a), and he who received it, if he would return him his monies within three years, would receive them, and the produce would be left in the hand of a third-party, and if the borrower returned his monies to the lender within the three years, he would release the produce to the borrower, and if not, he would give the produce to the lender, for the field was sold to him at the time of the loan, and that loan was the cost of the field.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Metzia
If a man lent another money on the security of his field and said to him, “If you do not pay me within three years it will be mine”, then it becomes his. This is what Boethus the son of Zunin used to do with the consent of the Sages. A person may loan another person money and use the other person’s field as collateral. Even though this may look as if the borrower is selling him his field in return for the loan, the Sages did not consider this to be usury.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Metzia
Questions for Further Thought: Mishnah three, section one: Would it be forbidden for Reuven to sell a field to Shimon and for Reuven to continue to use the field until Shimon brought him the money?
